ABSTRACT
Amblyopia is one of the most important reversible eye disorders in childrenand different treatments are suggested. Early diagnosis and effectivetreatment in amblyogenic age are important criteria. These critical periodscorrespond to the period when the child's developing visual system issensitive to abnormal input caused by stimulus deprivation, strabismusor significant refractive errors. Traditional treatments such as glasswearing, contact lens used with patch therapy have limitations. Lasercorneal refractive surgeries introduce an alternative for the treatmentof anisometropic amblyopia. Current indications for refractive surgeryinclude anisometropia, bilateral high myopia and accommodativeesotropia. Several reports confirmed that with recent development inkeratorefractive surgery, it could be a safe method to be used in children.The goal of the permanent surgical treatment is to reduce refractive errors,treat amblyopia and make better the binocular function. Corneal haze iscertainly a major concern in children receiving surface ablation, especiallyin high myopic treatments. However, controversies still exist on whetherit could be done in this population or not. This article reviews the availabledata about refractive surgery for treating anisometropic amblyopia
ABSTRACT
To circumvent the disadvantages of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy such as small rhinostomy size, high failure rate and expensive equipment, we hereby introduce a modified technique of non-endoscopic mechanical endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy [NE-MEDCR]. Surgery is performed under general anesthesia with local decongestion of the nasal mucosa. A 20-gauge vitrectomy light probe is introduced through the upper canaliculus until it touches the bony medial wall of the lacrimal sac. While directly viewing the transilluminated target area, a nasal speculum with a fiber optic light carrier is inserted. An incision is made vertically or in a curvilinear fashion on the nasal mucosa in the lacrimal sac down to the bone using a Freer periosteum elevator. Approximately 1 to 1.5 cm of nasal mucosa is removed with Blakesley forceps. Using a lacrimal punch, the thick bone of the frontal process of the maxilla is removed and the inferior half of the sac is uncovered. The lacrimal sac is tented into the surgical site with the light probe and its medial wall is incised using a 3.2 mm keratome and then excised using the Blakesley forceps. The procedure is completed by silicone intubation. The NE-MEDCR technique does not require expensive instrumentation and is feasible in any standard ophthalmic surgical setting
ABSTRACT
To report the clinical and radiological findings and management of a patient with intraorbital arteriovenous malformation [AVM] treated by transcatheter embolization of the feeding artery. A 15-year-old female patient was referred with a one year history of left eye proptosis without prior trauma. Orbital CT scan and MRI demonstrated a large intraconal mass lesion extending to the extraconal space in the inferior orbit; angiograms revealed an intraorbital AVM. Superselective catheterization of the feeding artery and embolization with absorbable gelatin particles [Gelfoam] and non-absorbable polyvinyl alcohol particles were performed in two separate sessions followed by surgical debulking. Signs and symptoms were diminished after 14 months. lntraorbital AVMs can be treated by embolization of the feeding artery followed by surgical removal of the AVM nidus when the lesion is accessible